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General Discussion => Off-Topic => Topic started by: Lopson on 2006-09-26, 17:47



Title: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Lopson on 2006-09-26, 17:47
Bawr (http://www.deviantart.com/deviation/40431447/)

Bawr?
OH SNAP!
I really hate this trio and it's oppinions on the knowledge/consious matters.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Phoenix on 2006-09-26, 18:03
I  really hate broken links.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Tabun on 2006-09-26, 20:22
I really hate images that won't show up.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Lopson on 2006-09-26, 20:34
Fix'd.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Phoenix on 2006-09-27, 01:42
In Exodus 3:14, When Moses inquired of God by what name he should refer to Him, God replied "I AM THAT I AM".  Five simple words, but a declaration of such magnitude, of the greatest simplicity but an infinity of implications, that one can go mad trying to ponder it.  Perhaps that is why psychologists, and philosophers, and modern thinkers all around dismiss God so often.  The simple things usually are the hardest things to grasp.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Tabun on 2006-09-27, 08:22
Can't say that's my experience of modern day dismissal of any religion, although ofcourse it's hard to  be sure about other people's motives. If simplicity is puzzling, and I think it often is, there's no need for such complex tautologies to get confused. Simply stand still with every word you hear, or ponder the impossibility of giving grounds for anything (ie. "why?", and that's only one word, that you end up repeating).
The only reason that "i am that i am" could have implications and be more puzzling than any other tautology (aside from it ambiguity), is in context. And it is the very influence of context which is too simply, and yet too freakishly complex, for us to put into words.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Phoenix on 2006-09-27, 19:47
Well, only an idiot tries to understand something without considering the context.  ;)


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Lopson on 2006-09-27, 21:14
Quote from: Phoenix
The simple things usually are the hardest things to grasp.

Philosophers and such have one simple mission in this world: to ungrasp the simplest things, think about them, and regrasp them in a different way. I find this whole process inttriguing, to say the least. Unfortunately, some of the results obtained from these reflections are... disapointing, to say the least. But all of this is very relative.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Woodsman on 2006-09-27, 21:18
Quote from: Phoenix
In Exodus 3:14, When Moses inquired of God by what name he should refer to Him, God replied "I AM THAT I AM".  Five simple words, but a declaration of such magnitude, of the greatest simplicity but an infinity of implications, that one can go mad trying to ponder it.  Perhaps that is why psychologists, and philosophers, and modern thinkers all around dismiss God so often.  The simple things usually are the hardest things to grasp.
I really think god was just saying "mind your own buisness".


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Tabun on 2006-09-27, 23:50
Quote
Philosophers and such have one simple mission in this world: to ungrasp the simplest things, think about them, and regrasp them in a different way.

Aside from this not being at all simple (at least not in the sense of it being easy, which might be derived from the fact hardly any philosophical questions have been answered adequately so far), I don't think that is a correct description of what philosophers do.

Ofcourse, there are many kinds of thinkers, and for some this could vaguely be considered their 'mission statement'. If appropriate for any of them, it sounds like it would most likely fit analytical thinkers (say, logical empiricists) -- as opposed to continental philosophy (or asiatic philosophy, for that matter). It has a vaguely mechanical, technical sound to it: unscrew, analyse, reconstruct. Perhaps it could be twisted to match Descartes' (reductive-compositive) method, although it is too vague and ambiguous to tell.

Even if the process matches what some philosophers appear to be doing, usually it is not their 'mission', in the sense that this reconstruction of thought or knowledge is their goal. For some, the surface process is more like a demonstration or metaphor of the impossibility of thinking in the very way that their projects could ever succeed without letting go of that approach. Others begin by expressing the impossibility of 'ungrasping' anything at all, without defeating their purpose. Yet others 'ungrasp' something, then show that what they ungrasped was never there in the first place (for some neat work, see Wittgenstein).

The 'simple mission' sounds simple enough, but maybe it is a little too simple? Can you define/refine it some more, perhaps?


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Phoenix on 2006-09-28, 16:32
And some philosophers excell in obfuscation, taking what in simple in essence and comprehensible to all, and making it incomprehensible to all but the philosopher.  This is not always necessarily their intent, but can often be the result, which is why philosophy in general now requires college-level courses in order to decipher it.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Tabun on 2006-09-28, 16:56
Well, that's the thing. Take something that seems simple, show it isn't and everyone that does not agree (usually without even trying to think along) will call it obfuscation. Show that it is simply different and it will seem incomprehensible.

I also don't think courses are required to understand philosophy. It just requires an open mind, and primary texts. Oh, and a lot of free time on your hands. :]


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Phoenix on 2006-09-28, 17:08
At the beginning of World War II, the Germans had precision factories and built artillery pieces that required 42 moving parts and were very complex.  The Americans had artillery pieces that required 5.  Both did the same thing, but one was more complex than it had to be.  I think the same goes for reality and people's perception of it.

Bubba:  "Forrest?  Why did this happen?"
Forrest:  "You got shot."


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Lopson on 2006-09-28, 22:25
Philosophers are peculiar creatures: they study things that no one would and like no one would. Yes, you are right Tabun, they don't have a mission, they have a goal. Mission is a very strict word, that involves the accomplishment of some pre-determined objectives, while a goal is something we desire to accomplish, we don't have to accomplish it. But about their mission being simple... Well, it depends.

Phoenix, just because something can move with 5 pieces, doesn't mean it has to move with 5 pieces. Just because it's easier to make it simpler, does it mean it's the best way? There are many ways to interpretate something, and the more interpretations the better! Also, it's quite obvious that philosophy is something that any man can both create and understand, you don't need a degree to do that, nor to understand that.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Phoenix on 2006-09-29, 18:22
My "philosophy" if you want to call it that is a simple one, but I find written words inadequate for expressing... well you humans have no word in any language that I can think of for what I am attempting to describe.  Something so simple to me, yet cannot be described or expressed to anyone else.  You would have to be able to call and sing, and feel and know it intrinsically.  It is a primal thing, something that transcends languages of man and is purely animal, purely Phoenix.  For me it's always been that simple, but then, you don't see this strange world quite the same as me.  It's for the best that way I think...


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Tabun on 2006-09-29, 19:29
That's a pretty bold claim. I won't comment on its content further, that wouldn't serve any purpose.

Both Phoenix's and Kruzaders epistemological claims I cannot agree with, nor do I see any evidence here to support them. If, for instance, I would bring up simple (equally ungrounded) folk-wisdom and intuition such as:

"one cannot know what the limits of someone else's knowledge are."
"you need a minimal level of intelligence and access to a language to study philosophy succesfully."
"all thought is language - without language, there is no thought."
on and on..

That would just be a "yay!" - "nay!" type debate.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Lopson on 2006-09-29, 23:57
Quote
"you need a minimal level of intelligence and access to a language to study philosophy succesfully."

Such intelligence is part of the human nature. We are creatures with power to question everything that surrounds us, both physical things and spiritual, Psychological (whatever) things. OF course that the higher the level of intelligence of the human mind, the better. After all, we aren't born to question these things from day 1. With time, we gain this intelligence, much like knowledge.

Quote
"all thought is language - without language, there is no thought."

I've always disagreed with this statement. There is only one reason that lead us to associate language with knowledge, and that reason is that we learn to think with language. If  a person was to learn no language at all, that wouldn't stop him from thinking.

And yes, this is just a "yay!", "nay!" type of post.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Phoenix on 2006-09-30, 01:09
Quote from: Tabun
That's a pretty bold claim.
I am not known for subtlety.  As for disagreeing with what I said... well I'm not sure which post you're disagreeing with.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Tabun on 2006-09-30, 03:22
A few of them, but I think we've established long ago that we disagree in the things I meant. :]


Quote
Such intelligence is part of the human nature.

Let's say that it is. What then, is this human nature? If we find someone unable to reason, to speak, to read, would you say that he or she was unhuman?

But I'm afraid the problem is worse than that. I don't know what this 'human nature' is. I've never come across one, and I wouldn't know how to detect its properties (such as having X-amount of intelligence (leaving aside the lack of a satisfying definition for 'intelligence'). If you can give me a good account of it, please do.
If I were to state "Such intelligence is not part of the human nature.", have we then a meaningful contradiction? Can we do more than raise our voices and claim that--"by Zeus!"--one is correct and the other isn't? If not, what is your method of justifying or verifying the status of this disagreement?


As to the thought-language question:
Quote
.. and that reason is that we learn to think with language. If a person was to learn no language at all, that wouldn't stop him from thinking.

That seems contradictory to me (correct me if I'm wrong). When you say that we learn to think with  language, I can only interpret here that language is a necessary condition to learn to think. It also is a necessary condition for being able to verify that thought is indeed going on. Unless you agree with me that thought (and perhaps even philosophy?), then, may well be going on in goats, or ants, or fungi, perhaps.
On the other hand, maybe you're not interested in verification, and this is, as you say, a matter of 'nay-yay' -- but why then would you speak of a reason for making claims either way? If I say that the dark side of the moon is pink and give no further reason for it, isn't that a perfectly valid attitude in a 'nay-yay' argument?


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Phoenix on 2006-09-30, 03:27
Then here's an interesting puzzle for you.  If language is a necessary tool for thought, but one must be able to think to develop and invent and structure a language, how can language have been first invented if one could not already think in the first place since language is, by your earlier statement, a prerequisite for thought?


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Tabun on 2006-09-30, 03:30
A question in return, before I can even begin trying to solve that puzzle: Why would language have to be invented? And, if the origins of language would be called an 'invention', why would 'invention' in that case require thought?


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Phoenix on 2006-09-30, 04:14
Quote from: Tabun
Why would language have to be invented?
Because no human language is spoken from birth.  All must be taught and learned.  There are no exceptions, unless you count the grunts, squeals, and cries of infants as language.  For clarity's sake, I'm referring to structured languages, like English and Dutch.

Quote
And, if the origins of language would be called an 'invention', why would 'invention' in that case require thought?
You're seriously asking that as a question?  I think we can safely establish that inventions don't invent themselves.  Somebody has to think them up.  Case in point:  "Fo shizzle my nizzle, word?  You down wit' da bling-bling?"

And that's two questions you asked me.[/color]  ;)


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Lopson on 2006-09-30, 08:47
Quote
I can only interpret here that language is a necessary condition to learn to think. It also is a necessary condition for being able to verify that thought is indeed going on.

What I said wasn't something like that at all, or at least that's not what I meant.

Quote
... and that reason is that we learn to think with language. If a person was to learn no language at all, that wouldn't stop him from thinking.


I think that when one person learns something, he/she tends to use that knowledge whenever he/she thinks it's right. If he/she learned to communicate with language, then he/she will use language to communicate, both with people and with him/herself. If you think about it ( :] ), thought is not a mere group of words that pop out from your head, but a mix of sounds, images and words. Thought cannot be erradicated just because we don't have language.

Quote
Let's say that it is. What then, is this human nature?

If we look up "Human Nature" in Wikipedia, what pops up is:

Quote
Human nature is the fundamental nature and substance of humans, as well as the range of human behavior that is believed to be invariant over long periods of time and across very different cultural contexts.

There is a wide-range of knowledge that we are born with. This knowledge, when grouped, constitutes the so-called "intelligence". Since we are all born with this knowledge, it is only rational to assume that this is part of the human nature, for it has never changed during all of this time.

Quote
If we find someone unable to reason, to speak, to read, would you say that he or she was unhuman?

All of what you said are things that humans obtain during their lives (knowledge). If we find someone that can't perform any of those things, that doesn't make him/her unhuman, it does make him/her ignorant.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Phoenix on 2006-09-30, 16:33
I would say the question is, how are you defining "human"?  If you speak strictly from the biological sense, then only creatures that are biologically human could be called human.  That would be, in the classical sense, only "sons of Adam and daughters of Eve".  But can you be so sure?

Let's say someone is able to transmute one kind of living being into another.  Say he turned a man into a goat. Would the man-turned-goat no longer be human?  After all, he is now a goat.  But, if upon changing this goat back into a man, he retains all his previous characteristics of when he was human before, what do we call this creature then?  Is he not a man?  If, say, a man is born human, spends 50% of his life as a man, and 50% of his life as a goat, what is he?  Now on the flip side, if a goat is born, and is turned into a man, is this creature a man, or a goat?  If a man is turned into a goat, and dies as a goat, was he man or goat?  The same if the goat is turned into a man, and dies as a man, was he goat or man?

Let's say a man is born in this universe.  He lives, he dies, and his soul moves on to the next one and he is made into a new kind of creature by his maker.  Let's say this new kind of creature can assume any form it wishes, and has abilities men can only dream of, and can never die.  Now, let's step outside of time, and look at his whole existence, from when he was conceived, when he died, and when he became something else across this boundary we call death.  What is he?  Is he what he began as, or what he ended as?  If he lives forever in this new form, do we call him Man still, or do we call him what this new form is?  Was he this new form all along, and the shell of man merely like the caterpillar before it sprouts forth as a butterfly?  And if man ends at death, as some would think...  if beyond death is only void, then death you are, and never were to begin with, and so all of you are nothing since that is how you will end.  But, whether to glory or perdition, it matters not to man since man is concerned with temporal things, and so he calls a caterpillar a caterpillar, and a butterfly a butterfly, the living alive, and the dead he calls dead, though they really be the same all through regardless.

So what is human?  What is animal?  They are the same in the end, but do not begin the same.  What is it to be human?  The same as it is to be any creature.  It is to be born, and to live, and to die.  That is the simple truth of life, a truth men often forget in the arrogance of man's dominion of this world.  What, should man think so highly of himself?  Cheat death then if you be gods!  The grave will mock you in the end, as will the cremator's flames.  Like beasts you slaughter for food, you too will die and all your works swallowed in death.  Of what gain is it then to be human over being any other creature?  Of what use are lofty thoughts, or being puffed up and saying "behold, I think!"  Will death not claim you regardless?  Ten million years from now you will be as chaff on the wind, and your civilization will be as a cinder.  How then did it matter anything you thought or did?

Maybe trying to define what is or is not human isn't really as important in the cosmic scheme of things as what you do with that humanity.  Are we not all made from the same matter, fur and feather, skin and scale?  If from ashes we rise, to ashes again we fall.  That is the way of things.  Perhaps it would be wiser, or if nothing else, kinder then, to treat all living things with the care and reverence man would reserve for himself, be those things human or not.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Tabun on 2006-09-30, 17:44
Okay, this might get messy, so I'll split my post in two sections.

-------------------------------------------
Phoenix:
(this post addresses the previous post, not the last one -- the typing of this post was interrupted by a day's work outdoors :) -- the last post is mostly metaphysical speculation, I think, and I don't see the connection -- I was not trying to make any claims about the grandure or moral implications of 'inhumanity', but, among other harmless things, comparing Kruzader's claims to the way we talk and feel about things generally)

I always like to throw in an extra question, to give more of an indication what I'm asking after. I didn't succeed at that this time, but it helped nonetheless.

i)
First, we can identify a definition-question in the usage of the term 'language'. In one interpretation, language is purely linked to structured words. In the other, all signs and all instances of communication are called language.
Personally, I hold the latter to be closer to the truth. Sign language is still language as is body-language, shouting "Hey!" or "Ouch!" is hardly 'structured', but I still consider them language-expressions. I will refer to the former as 'struct-language' or 'structured language', and to the latter as 'omni-language'.

Now, since in the latter interpretation the question is clearly less problematic, I'll see what happens when we adopt the first (and pretend that these are all the options), for now. We would then be talking about structured language, as you refer to.

ii)
My second question was actually very helpful to me this way, since we now see that there are two ways of thinking about acquiring language: (a) for the language-using race(s) as a whole, and (b) for each individual. The term invention made me picture a language as something 'invented' by the human race generally, like the wheel, or self-cleaning bread ovens. If that's an acceptable comparison for you, I wouldn't mind exploring that further.

We seem to be talking about (b), here. I wouldn't use the word 'invention' for that, since that sounds much like everyone is producing his own language, which afterwards magically appears to be understandable to all (much like everyone inventing their own capability to hear, or the like). Maybe 'learning to participate' in a pre-existing language would describe a more likely process?

On the other hand, the etymology (http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=invention&searchmode=none) of 'invention' doesn't suggest to me that it is something like that at all, or that thought is required for it. It doesn't suggest that inventions are necessarily a human product, like you'd think of in an 'invention of the typewriter' kind of sense. One can come upon the roundness of logs as a primitive wheel--invent it as such--and use it without thought, in a purely pragmatical way. As such, plant-life has invented photosynthesis. I don't see why it couldn't be that way, and why it couldn't be that way for language either.


-------------------------------------------
Kruzader:

i)
Here I see another definition-question arising, this time for 'thought'. Is instinct thought? Do birds think? Do you think, when you are dreaming? All this is pretty open to interpretation, if you ask me. If you have a specific idea, do tell. If not, I might have a suggestion.

But let me focus on something else instead.
Quote
I think that when one person learns something, he/she tends to use that knowledge whenever he/she thinks it's right.
Okay. Learning is the acquiring of knowledge. The application of that knowledge is another matter, which is a prerequisite for using knowledge. Is this what you are saying? If not, please clarify.

If so, is it not true that we sometimes fail in our judgement, that we do not make the correct decision about what is right? Would you say we cannot learn to make the right decisions?

ii)
Your trust in Wikipedia is astonishing! I would sooner, if at all, trust a good dictionary, like Websters or Van Dale, when it comes to trusting a source like that. Even accepting this argumentum ad wikipediam (;)), you can see two words popping up in the first sentence: 'fundamental' and 'substance'. Fundamental means it is the basic, underlying part (of human-ness). Substance, here (although its usage is rather vague) seems to indicate that human nature exists independently of other things. I don't see claims to support either, but alright.

Let's say I accept it as a substance, without further questions. If human nature is fundamental to human-ness (this is tautological in my reading of 'nature', as I will describe below), anything without it is not human. It misses the basic 'building blocks' to make a human. If you simply mean to restrict yourself to the part which you underlined, then we see that it is something that is believed to be the case. That is very nice, but it doesn't help me much. Also, how does this 'over long periods of time' work? If one holds to darwinism in any form, we see that extensively structured language is certainly not that long present in prehistoric humans. This is not a problem, if beings can only be called humans from that point when they somehow acquired language (and other parts which are believed to be widely present). But that brings me again to this nature as 'fundamental' to application of the predicate 'human'.

If I understand you correctly, ignorance cancels human nature out. Is that what you mean? As you say, someone is still human when not sharing in all the properties or faculties that are widely believed to be present. Yet then those minimal faculties are not part of human nature, or, human nature is not universally present, fundamental or essential to being human.

But, the nature of something is essential (tautologically) to what it is. The nature of a human being is what makes it a human being. That is my suggestion for proper usage of the term 'nature' (in this sense). Then, it is impossible for any human being to lack human nature and still be human.
So, these minimal faculties would require a different designator. Something like 'basic skills' or 'reasoning capacity', but I'll gladly leave finding a better term for them up to you, as I trust you know better what you speak of.

iii)
Quote
Since we are all born with this knowledge
Quote
This knowledge, when grouped, constitutes the so-called "intelligence". Since we are all born with this knowledge

That is nice! I doubt though, again keeping in mind the poor sods that don't seem to have been born with such talents as we have, if that is indeed the case.

I also find it interesting that we seem to have stumbled on an explanation on what intelligence is, as it is, as you say, constituted by knowledge. I don't quite know how this works, though, as the one thing I know that relates to knowledge, is that I.Q. tests are not designed to test for knowledge-dependent skill. I'm willing to let go of the suspicion that something awkard is going on there. Let's say intelligence is knowledge. How is it that we cannot make dull people smart, simply by handing them all the knowledge that an intelligent man has?


iv)
All this is very interesting, but I have another suggestion in light of the above. What if we would simply say that the ability to reason well enough to be able to study philosophy wasn't part of human nature? Then we would prevent all sorts of mix-ups. Ofcourse, this ability wouldn't be universal, and it would turn out that indeed, not everyone can partake in philosophizing. Which, coincidentally, was my claim.

-------------------------------------------


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Phoenix on 2006-10-01, 00:29
Quote from: Tabun
the last post is mostly metaphysical speculation, I think, and I don't see the connection -- I was not trying to make any claims about the grandure or moral implications of 'inhumanity'
I have the sneaky feeling you might have glossed over what I posted, and thereby missed what I had intended you to catch with the parable.  Trust me when I say it was relevent to the discussion, and I will explain why.

Everything in regards to thought relies on two things - taxonomy, and frame of reference.  What you include or exclude from a descriptor makes up the first part.  The second part determines how you apply the first.  I was demonstrating that if you shift your frame of reference suddenly your descriptor is no longer sufficient to deal with the new frame of reference.  Since language relies on specific descriptors to classify things (nouns) and actions (verbs), you should be able to grasp the temporal limitations I am trying to convey and see how it can apply to thought.  I could use more picturesque imagery instead of temporal if you like.  Consider mountains and mole hills.  A mountain would not seem so large to a giant, nor would a mole hill seem so small to an ant.  But to a man, one is vast, the other tiny, though their size not change at all.

Furthermore, in regards to language and thought, I will add that I am quite capable of thinking in terms of pictures, and smells, feelings, and sounds that do not involve human words.  I consider all of this to be thought, but I do not consider it to be language.  Do birds think?  Of course they do.  Even if you discount me (as I'm sure most people do anyway) people who live with parrots can give you more than enough anecdotal evidence on how parrots can not only conceptualize but also convey thoughts using human words in combinations they did not originally learn.  The same is true with people who have trained gorillas to speak with sign language.  It has been proven they not only understand the signs, they also can express innate feelings and desires using those signs.  If a deaf human can speak with sign language, and a gorilla can speak with the same sign language, and if parrots can use words to express their feelings and desires, then I think you can see the implications of this, as well as how it relates to the human understanding of what thought is.  The inability of man to communicate with his animal bretheren does not mean they cannot think, it simply means a common frame of reference is lacking for complex forms of communication between man and other species.

This next point relies on what I said above in regards to frame of reference, which is why I illustrated it above in the first place.  If you your frame of reference to classify thought is narrowed such as to only those thoughts that are done in a spoken human language, then the error would not lie in thinking in a way that is incongruent with your understanding of thought.  That would be like telling a bird that it cannot fly while watching it soar regardless.  It could be that I am misunderstanding your use of the word "language" through all of this.  If you are including forms of thought beyond structured human languages within your discriptor for "language", then it is a difference of semantics we have encountered, and the scope of my descriptor for "language" is simply incongruent with your frame of reference when applying this term.  It was the potential for gross disparity of frame of reference I had hoped you would catch on to with my previous post.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Tabun on 2006-10-01, 01:21
I didn't gloss over the post, but I guess the meaning of it didn't strike me because of distracting hypotheticals. Aside from that, 'frame of reference' isn't working well for me as a way of reasoning. I have only one frame of reference, which is my own. I cannot take an externalist view on things and I cannot see as an ant does. I can imagine other points of view, but I cannot imagine them to make any sense for the purposes of effective justification. That too might be a reason why alluding to a frame of reference didn't catch my attention.


Quote
parrots can not only conceptualize but also convey thoughts using human words in combinations they did not originally learn.

Whether parrots conceptualize or not, is beyond my ability to know (in fact, I have no idea how you would go about 'conceptualizing', and whether I do it or not -- I can assume it, but that does not help me). The second part of the quote is, interestingly, Descartes' first indicator of the difference between man and beast: the ability to form new (meaningful) sentences. Amusingly, he states:
Quote
[..] whereas there is no other animal [than man], however perfect and well-endowed it may be, that can do the like. This does not happen because they lack the necessary organs, for we see that magpies and parrots can utter words as we do, and yet they cannot speak as we do: that is, they cannot show that they are thinking what they are saying." (Discours de la methode, 1637).
So apparantly, the quasi-empirical claims of Descartes are at odds with yours..

If we include instinct and, say, the reaction of plants to the position of the sun in our application of the term "thought", I'm perfectly happy to agree that thought without language is possible.


I think that what you're calling a combination of descriptors and frames of reference, is what I'm simply calling a question of term definitions. As I indicated, the most important aspect of (omni)language, for me, is communication. It is rather cheesy to speak of communicating with yourself, although this could be a by-product of communicating with others. It would be, again, worthless speculation to say that this were the case, ofcourse, but that is not the point. As you say (and to which I have hinted at in my previous post), the thought-language problem would most likely end up in a resolution that is related to (1) what is to be considered thought, and (2) what is to be considered language.

One thing left to turn such a matter of analysing what one intends when one uses a word, is to supply a metaphysical system. For instance, Descartes is forced to exclude anything but the contents of res cogitans from what can be considered thought. Every other thing can be reduced to mechanics, to motion and collision of matter. And the very basis of his division is to be found in his unequalled trust in the simplicity and infallibility of language (which should strike anyone who's read his works as odd, in light of his starting from radical scepticism).

Which brings me back to my starting point: to accept or reject such system, or such trust in language itself, is a 'yay-nay'-fest all by itself.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Phoenix on 2006-10-01, 03:08
Quote from: Tabun
I have only one frame of reference, which is my own.

One does not have to have to observe things through a disparate frame of reference to understand that other frames of reference exist.  You do not have to go to China to know China exists, all you are required to do is to believe the account of those who claim to have been there.  This then is your "yea-nay" situation, if you must see it as thus.  A person either believes them, or does not, unless and until he journeys there himself.  I fail to see any logic in denying the validity of other frames of reference simply because one cannot relate to or comprehend them.

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I cannot take an externalist view on things and I cannot see as an ant does. I can imagine other points of view, but I cannot imagine them to make any sense for the purposes of effective justification. That too might be a reason why alluding to a frame of reference didn't catch my attention.

Then what is the point of any philosophy, or subscribing to any school of thought?  Are not all philosophies other than intrinsic ones a matter of trying to see things from someone else's point of view?  Bollocks that you cannot take an externalist point of view.  I do it all the time.  You simply choose to reject the results of the exercise, whereas I do not.  The same holds true if you accept the words of Descartes as true, and if I reject them.  You are accepting his point of view as providing valid information, whereas I do not.  Yea-nay indeed, but then, understanding is a three-edged sword.

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So apparantly, the quasi-empirical claims of Descartes are at odds with yours..

I do not put Descartes on a pedastal, nor any man.  I am not afraid to say he was wrong.  I do not invalidate my own knowledge simply because one man or another is held in higher or lower esteem by other men.  The esteem of men is irrelevent to me.  One man says this, one man says that, but the truth is always something else.

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If we include instinct and, say, the reaction of plants to the position of the sun in our application of the term "thought", I'm perfectly happy to agree that thought without language is possible.

Now you are introducing artificial constraints and extra variables into the situation that were not part of the original discussion in an attempt to invalidate what I brought up by extending it to irrelevency and absurdity.  A nice try, but it does not address what I stated nor does it solve the problem of thought where spoken word is absent.  You are simply moving the goal posts off the playing field and widening your point of reference beyond the bounds of the previous discussion.  You either accept that thought can occur without spoken human language, or you do not.  If you do not, I would ask why?  Historically such discussions are uncomfortable to humanist thinkers because they profit by keeping man's self-appointed elevation above other creatures intact and unthreatened.  Pride demands it, and also it absolves man, in his own mind, of the moral implications of how he abuses the other forms of life on his world.  I do not know what your thoughts on this are, so I would ask you for a direct and clear answer instead of an evasive one.  It is not my intent to indict you, merely to get a straight answer and know what you think.

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I think that what you're calling a combination of descriptors and frames of reference, is what I'm simply calling a question of term definitions.

Actually you've jumped past the basis of what I suggested.  Linguistically you have a limit to the applicability of a word based on the context in which the word was invented, and also the context in which it is commonly used.  A good example of the latter is your dislike of the word "criminal" when applied to someone who has committed what to you are very petty crimes.  The word itself has a literal definition according to a dictionary, but its applicability is filtered by your thinking.  That then limits the scope of the usefulness of the word when brought into this new context.  Thus the frame of reference, as I referred to it, is this window in which the word is then relevent.  All frames of reference are relative, as Einstein pointed out.  Your frame of reference does not change the definition of the word criminal;  someone who has committed a crime;   but it does alter the scope of where and how that word can be applied.  But, without digressing too far or going too much into linguistic concerns, when I originally spoke of frame of reference I was referring to a temporal frame of reference for example.

Coming circle to your first statement in your reply, that you have only one frame of reference - your own - even that is subject to a larger frame of reference.  You speak, in this discussion, of your present perception as your frame of reference.  But if you think back on your life, you can see how your thinking has changed, and how your views and perceptions and thoughts have changed as well.  Thus, your frame of reference, when thinking of the past, is different than if you reflect on the now.  So it would be different if you were to see your whole life, from beginning to end, at one time as one event.  If you are familiar with String Theory, you might imagine this as seeing yourself from the "fourth dimension" point of view.  This was my original point, that frames of reference are mutable and depending on how one chooses to see things, that determines greatly how he will think about them.

Thus, when I speak of frames of reference, it is not my intent to confuse, but rather it is as simple as looking through a lens.  If the lens is focused wide, you can see a lot of everything, but not necessarily any one thing with precision.  If it is focused narrow, you can see one thing with precision, but not the pattern of the whole.  Where this lens is pointed, and how wide it is focused, or for how long it is aimed at any one thing is analagous to thought, and introspection, and examination.  Simply put, I am alluding to how you think about something as opposed to what it is you are thinking about.  Perhaps my alluding to time in a fourth-dimensional sense in my once removed previous post caused some confusion.  If so, I apologize.  I perceive time a bit differently than most creatures and for me at least the future and past are merely parts of the same thing.[/color]


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Lopson on 2006-10-01, 09:59
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Your trust in Wikipedia is astonishing!
That was so unecessary.
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The application of that knowledge is another matter, which is a prerequisite for using knowledge. Is this what you are saying?
The application of knowledge, obviously, depends on the knowledge a person has. That is obvious, right? (I'm not fully understanding the sentence above, so if you could explain a bit further this sentence, I'd appreciate)
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Also, how does this 'over long periods of time' work? If one holds to darwinism in any form, we see that extensively structured language is certainly not that long present in prehistoric humans.
My post, I believe, was explicit enough. The underline was not referring to the knowledge we have of language, but to basic knowledge we are all born with, such as instinctual knowledge (our instinct responses to certain stimulating factors because we know, from day 1, those factors).
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If I understand you correctly, ignorance cancels human nature out. Is that what you mean? As you say, someone is still human when not sharing in all the properties or faculties that are widely believed to be present. Yet then those minimal faculties are not part of human nature, or, human nature is not universally present, fundamental or essential to being human.
What I said was, and quote:
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All of what you said are things that humans obtain during their lives (knowledge). If we find someone that can't perform any of those things, that doesn't make him/her unhuman, it does make him/her ignorant.
Ignorance does not nullify human nature. What would nullify human nature is the inexistance of the knowledge tha all humans are born with. BUT, such thing is impossible, for even a mentally challenged person has that knowledge. In fact, all humans will have that knowledge until the very end of the race. Why, you ask? Because this knowledge is deep inside our DNA.
Also, let's just eliminate some further controversy. Let's say that, for some reason, human race evolves into something new. In that evolutionary process, the knowledge which all homo sapiens sapiens are born with, is eliminated. Then, human nature would be eliminated, giving place to a new nature specific to that new kind of creature. But this is going way off-topic, so let's resume the topic in question.

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The nature of a human being is what makes it a human being. That is my suggestion for proper usage of the term 'nature' (in this sense). Then, it is impossible for any human being to lack human nature and still be human.
That is correct.
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This knowledge, when grouped, constitutes the so-called "intelligence". Since we are all born with this knowledge
That is nice! I doubt though, again keeping in mind the poor sods that don't seem to have been born with such talents as we have, if that is indeed the case.
I'm an idiot sometimes. I completely forgot to add a few words on what I said in my last post. What I meant was:

This knowledge, when grouped with the knowledge obtained throughout our lives, constitutes the so-called "intelligence".

We all have intelligence from the moment we are born. But, intelligence can be developed with more knowledge.

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What if we would simply say that the ability to reason well enough to be able to study philosophy wasn't part of human nature? Then we would prevent all sorts of mix-ups. Ofcourse, this ability wouldn't be universal, and it would turn out that indeed, not everyone can partake in philosophizing. Which, coincidentally, was my claim.
Thank God ( :] ) we all have the knowledge to question all that surrounds us. For example: when we instinctively assume an aggressive position towards an unknown thing, it's because we are questioning ourselves if this unknown thing is, in fact, hostile or not, and just bo se safe, we assume this aggressive position.

Now, onto Phoenix's post!

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Say he turned a man into a goat. Would the man-turned-goat no longer be human? After all, he is now a goat. But, if upon changing this goat back into a man, he retains all his previous characteristics of when he was human before, what do we call this creature then?
He'd still be a man, for he would still have human nature.
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If, say, a man is born human, spends 50% of his life as a man, and 50% of his life as a goat, what is he?
It depends on what he was when he was born.
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Now on the flip side, if a goat is born, and is turned into a man, is this creature a man, or a goat? If a man is turned into a goat, and dies as a goat, was he man or goat? The same if the goat is turned into a man, and dies as a man, was he goat or man?
You can now deduct my answer to such questions.
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Let's say a man is born in this universe. He lives, he dies, and his soul moves on to the next one and he is made into a new kind of creature by his maker. Let's say this new kind of creature can assume any form it wishes, and has abilities men can only dream of, and can never die. Now, let's step outside of time, and look at his whole existence, from when he was conceived, when he died, and when he became something else across this boundary we call death. What is he? Is he what he began as, or what he ended as? If he lives forever in this new form, do we call him Man still, or do we call him what this new form is? Was he this new form all along, and the shell of man merely like the caterpillar before it sprouts forth as a butterfly? And if man ends at death, as some would think... if beyond death is only void, then death you are, and never were to begin with, and so all of you are nothing since that is how you will end. But, whether to glory or perdition, it matters not to man since man is concerned with temporal things, and so he calls a caterpillar a caterpillar, and a butterfly a butterfly, the living alive, and the dead he calls dead, though they really be the same all through regardless.
OK. metaphysics.
If a man was to reincarnate a butterfly after his death, then his nature would be of a butterfly. Simple as that. Of course that the knowledge that his soul had would still be in his soul, I guess. I can't talk about the afterlife in this situation, simply because I lack of the knowledge to do so.

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What, should man think so highly of himself? Cheat death then if you be gods! The grave will mock you in the end, as will the cremator's flames. Like beasts you slaughter for food, you too will die and all your works swallowed in death. Of what gain is it then to be human over being any other creature? Of what use are lofty thoughts, or being puffed up and saying "behold, I think!" Will death not claim you regardless? Ten million years from now you will be as chaff on the wind, and your civilization will be as a cinder. How then did it matter anything you thought or did?
You talk like all humans thought that way. If fact, many people recognize the fact that humans are not the most superior beings in the Universe. These people, like me, believe in God. These people, like me, know that all of this had a beginning, and it will have an ending. Don't mock these people, like you did in that post.

That took a while to write.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Tabun on 2006-10-01, 13:44
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Phoenix:

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I do not put Descartes on a pedastal

I think he was a genius, but I didn't use him as an authority, or to show that you were wrong. I was doing exactly what I've been focusing on, namely: to stress the fact that what seems an elaborate and deep argument boils down to a groundless opinion. A makes an a priori claim, B makes one, and neither can do more than explicate the bias they have. I do not think Descartes was right, especially not in his views on man as a rational animal. Even so,  his mechanistic view was a very important step in the history of thought, in my view.


Thought
Let me be more specific on another point aswell, since you have also explained my bringing in of 'irrelevancies' (the dismissal of which is tied to your frame of reference, if you will) as absurd and besides the point.
And I'd like to keep this human-pride factor out for once, since I don't ascribe to it. In this respect, I have no difficulty removing all kinds hierarchies. Humans at the level of apes, ants, plants and rocks (without this being absurd).

That also explains why they are not extra variables in my view. I'm willing to drop them, though, if that helps. We limit ourselves to all animals, then?


Frames of reference
To me, a definition is a matter of practical categorization. It is no longer the genus plus differentia specifica that was to be considered universal (and thus defeating frames of reference as meaningful) in ancient times. In that sense, I do subscribe to your F.o.R.
But I am not drawing a line between taxonomy and F.o.R.
Using the 'criminal' example, I can perhaps clarify. What you call taxonomy, is what I in that conversation called 'strict, or technical use of the word'. Everyone that matches up to the dictionary definition for 'criminal' is a criminal. Then there was the political and manipulative use of the word, which categorizes and stigmatizes a situation by usage of connotations. My focus was on pragmatics and manipulation.

Here we strike on something that has very much to do with the discussion indeed, and I admit that I was wrong to dismiss the point straight away.
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Linguistically you have a limit to the applicability of a word based on the context in which the word was invented
Here, we disagree. I do not think the applicability of a word is static. Its usage (pragmatics) evolves through time. Connotations and demographics (for instance) all have their effects on the usage of words. I don't subscribe to explaining all the different uses of a word by an F.o.R.-theory though. The context is variable, as is the 'official' reading, the only thing to remain constant for longer times, is the actual word itself.

That being said, if we might put our differences on that aside, I will address the point you are making with use of F.o.R. For I am very willing to say that--if we define thought to include any kind of communicative process between living creatures--animals think too, regardless of F.o.R. What I think it boils down to, is what is included in the accepted definition (call it F.o.R., if that helps) for this discussion. Can we replace thought here with 'feeling of pain'? Can we replace it by 'having an image of fish'? If so, then we have a defined usage within this context. That is no problem for me at all.

I have no idea how we can know anything about the presence or absense

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So it would be different if you were to see your whole life, from beginning to end, at one time as one event.
That, however, is taking it one step further. This no longer is simply speaking of contexts and the usage of words in actuality, but a hypothetical 'higher level'. How do you roll all of your life into one? What would be your method of abstracting from the context, the F.o.R. of the present moment? This is what I cannot accept, but I don't think it has to do with F.o.R. as you used it earlier (differing uses for words in differing contexts), but that it has to do with points of view.

Point of view
My intention was not to jump over your stance on P.o.V., but to reject it. You choose to believe taking an externalist point of view is helpful and valid in argumentation. That is fine. I can use it, my charged dismissal of it aside, just like I can use multiple-worlds logic or the like. The point here was that I don't have any basis for assuming such thought experiments do anything to aid my arguments at all. Language being central to this thread, it is a great example of something I cannot shake off when describing the world (or a possible world, for that matter), from a different perspective or point of view. If I take 'a step back' and imagine myself to be observing the course of my life and the ways my thought changes (or in all the ways the thought of parrots works, and suchlike), I am allowing myself insights that are grounded in speculation. That is fine, and when applied in coherentist logical consistency you might give a logical proof for the validity of an argument. But the language, logics (and with it the results of that) are bound to an internalist position.
Ofcourse I can take an externalist view. Ofcourse I can take a view in which I am Mickey Mouse flying through the storms of Jupiter. If you can tell me what your method is in using them, and what your demarcation is to accept a God's eye view, and reject a Mickey-Mouse eye view (assuming you do, and consider me to be dragging in absurdities ;)), please explain.

Let me, by the way, clear up another tangle that I seem to have placed myself into. I did not intend to say that I cannot take differend F.o.R's in the sense I've accepted above, for obviously, I can use words in many different ways. I was talking about P.o.V., so I hope we can somehow work out a distinction and keep the two separated. ;] If the two are inextracably  tied up, we're dealing with a remarkable problem indeed, but I don't think that's the case.

So if I understand your last paragraph as an explanation of F.o.R. in this sense, it is like .. say, discussing 'games', then zooming out and finding that we weren't talking about computer games, but that we were including all sorts of games of life. The usage of the word, and the context in which it is used has changed (I hesitate to say 'broadened', but it might be applicable here).
If, however, I understand it as an explanation of P.o.V., it is like we can change our actual position from internalist close-up to internalist overview to externalist, just like zooming with a lens.
In the first case, something is actually happening, namely the usage of a word changes, which has effects on the success of your communication, among other things. In the second case, I don't see how any connection with actuality and reality is managed, without falling back to admitting that one does not take an externalist position, but that one, while imagining to zoom out, is stuck to the same old internalist position while imagining it to be externalist.


Philosophy
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Are not all philosophies other than intrinsic ones a matter of trying to see things from someone else's point of view?

Actually, no. A lot of them incorporate it, but the most interesting and provoking philosophy addresses the very problem of externalism, holism, idealism.

Take Kant's Kritik der Reine Vernunft for instance. The title is begging the question, and in that sense it is indicative of trying to look at the 'eye' of reason, with the 'eye' of reason. This, however, does not mean he takes on some point of view that he thinks he can somehow assume. He does the opposite: he indicates that the world as it would be, if seen from an externalist position, is not accessible to us. So, instead of accepting this and trying to see if he could have a little fun with imagining to be able to do it anyway (as indeed a few other philosophers have done), Kant takes a different approach and investigates the prerequisites for saying anything about the world (he compares this change of approaching a problem with Copernicus' earth-centered approach). In so doing, he is attempting to give philosophy the sicheren Gang einen Wissenschaft, and make it, like science, investigate nature on its own terms.  It doesn't work, ofcourse, but it is a cool attempt nonetheless.
(I'm not using Kant as some kind of authority (I don't agree with Kant either ;)), it's just an example of philosophy trying to save itself -- but not by taking an externalist viewpoint)

Another example can be found in Hilary Putnam, who has flipflopped more than Kerry in his opinions of reality. He's at one point given some very interesting arguments against the possibility of an externalist position (for instance, his well known brains-in-a-vat article (http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/brain-vat/) -- which, interestingly, is tied up with language as deliciously as our discussion here).


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Kruzader:

The argument
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What would nullify human nature is the inexistance of the knowledge tha all humans are born with. BUT, such thing is impossible, for even a mentally challenged person has that knowledge. In fact, all humans will have that knowledge until the very end of the race. Why, you ask? Because this knowledge is deep inside our DNA.

The first sentence is crucial: that is my very point. Humans are not humans if they lack human nature (as I said, tautological by definition).

(a) My initial claim: I know people (humans) who are, for all intents and purposes, unable to reason succesfully.*

(b) My further claim: Not all humans are able to study and practise philosophy.

? Your claim was: the ability to study and practise philosophy (or ask philosophical questions, if you will), is part of the human nature. (Correct me if I'm wrong)

(d) Furthermore, humans cannot be humans without human nature. (You agreed with this in your previous post, if I'm not mistaken)**

Where (b) follows from (a). If ? is true, then it is, by (d), in direct contradiction with (b). My point is to dismiss ?.

*I can't look inside of their skulls to see if their instinctive 'knowledge' is sitting there (and neither can you), but they aren't making any signs that indicate so. I consider them to be humans, but I don't consider them to be able to ask any question whatsoever.

**Human nature is not something you can shed and take up at random: it goes together with being human. So, if it were possible that one were born with a complete nature, then lose it at some point, the subject would cease to be human by definition, at that point. That is fine, but it means that if the ability to philosophize is part of human nature, it does not matter whether one was born with it, if things have in this respect changed since. Nor do I think that all humans born with that ability, but that is another matter.


Intelligence

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This knowledge, when grouped with the knowledge obtained throughout our lives, constitutes the so-called "intelligence".
We all have intelligence from the moment we are born.

So, we have (a limited, specific selection of) knowledge when we are born, if I understand you correctly.

Now we come to my initial point again. I do not know, nor can I in any way other than assuming in speculation, what is inside the head of a new-born baby in terms of knowledge. If I open the skull, I see some goo, and I can probably experiment on the reflexes. But until the very moment that the baby utters his first comprehensible sentences, I have no access whatsoever to his thought. You say that babies are capable of philosophy, in a sense--they already have the only requisites that they'll ever need for it, for they are human. I could accept this, but I don't have a method to verify this. If I research the instincts of a human baby, I do not find any difference with the instincts of a kitten. The sounds babies make until they speak full sentences, are not really different from those of many (young) animals. I may well assume that most or all animals are capable of asking philosophical questions, or.. perhaps even that they are human too..


Human nature
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Then, human nature would be eliminated, giving place to a new nature specific to that new kind of creature.

I don't know if it's off-topic, but it is interesting. I have a feeling that these creatures will still call themselves humans, as they evolve. If it is a gradual process, it also becomes very interesting when the actual shift occurs. It doesn't make much difference for the initial argument though. I personally don't see controversy in it, but it's fun stuff to incorporate.

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Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Phoenix on 2006-10-01, 23:36
Quote from: Tabun
I was doing exactly what I've been focusing on, namely: to stress the fact that what seems an elaborate and deep argument boils down to a groundless opinion.
In that I will of course disagree because from my own point of view opinions are not groundless.  They are formed for one reason or another.  I think what you would be taking issue with the basis of the opinion in that case, or the logic behind it, but that's a whole other path we could explore.  

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I do not think Descartes was right
I never said you thought he was, nor that you were saying I was wrong.  I simply laid out my thoughts for you to see and used the opportunity to express something.

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I do not think the applicability of a word is static. Its usage (pragmatics) evolves through time.

Not if the word is no longer relevent because the context has changed.  Without context and a common frame of reference a word has no meaning.  A nuclear engineer will use words that mean nothing to a botanist, and vice-versa.  Without the context of nuclear science, or botany, what do the words matter?  Words only have meaning so long as what they represent can be related.  Words, after all, are nothing but symbols to represent objects, actions, or traits of either.  One can do this just as readily with pictograms or heiroglyphs, or those cute little European symbols for hospitals and food and shelter that they put on road signs.  Any idiot can understand those, which is why they're considered universal.  They're not words, or a written language per se, but they do convey a meaning that can be grasped by most any human.

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My intention was not to jump over your stance on P.o.V., but to reject it.
Fair enough, at least now I know what page you're on.

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You choose to believe taking an externalist point of view is helpful and valid in argumentation.
Wait, why are you assuming I am relating this to argumentation?  I do not believe arguing leads to enlightenment.  I believe exploration and observation are much more valuable.  That leads me to this:

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If you can tell me what your method is in using them, and what your demarcation is to accept a God's eye view, and reject a Mickey-Mouse eye view (assuming you do, and consider me to be dragging in absurdities ;)), please explain.

Ever hear of the term "projection"?  It's when one uses their own actions or traits as a template to predict or determine the actions, traits, and/or intentions of something else.  The fact that you limit yourself to an internalist point of view does not mean all other beings must behave within those same parameters.  The is an assumption on your part, and a dangerous one to make as it is in contradiction to the internalist premise.  It could be expected that you "project" this assumption onto others when you consider them since it is a common human behavior and rooted in a very simple animal logic:  "If I do X, someone else probably does X as well and for the same reason".  That is of course a survival mechanism since being able to predict and extrapolate can help one avoid dangers not yet encountered.  In that sense, when projecting your internalist stance and extending it to others, you are most definitely acting in an externalist mode by extending an innate tendency and applying it to someone besides yourself - even if you do not realize this as being externalist.  A hightened sense of self-awareness could tip one off to this tendency and include it as a variable in one's thinking.  At that point, you come closer to grasping the paradox... or else going insane from it.

Accepting a God's eye view is not something I am capable of doing as I am not God.  However, I can easily accept a Phoenix-eye view.  Mickey Mouse would have trouble doing that.  The rat, after all, could do much better if it could see the maze from above, but it cannot and so it cannot see the complete maze.  If I fly above the maze, I cannot see the maze from within, but I can see where the rat is going and what lies ahead of it, and what is around it and what might happen to it.  Now if I can communicate with the rat, and it with me, I can give it information it cannot gain of its own accord from within the maze, and it can give me information about its perspective from within that I could not glean from above.  This provides us both with a more complete picture of reality by supplying information to each other that we did not have from our own perspectives.  Now you could say that your perspective is still internalist regardless of receiving this external information.  The problem is, unlike the rat, I can choose to fly into or out of the maze.  I can fly, the rat cannot.  That means I can easily see the maze from the rat's point of view, however the rat cannot see it from my point of view at all.  It does not make me better or worse than the rat, but it does mean I can do something the rat cannot do.  There is an exception to this.  I could lift the rat and carry it out of the maze, whereby then the rat could see the whole maze as I do.  The condition is that the rat would have to allow me to carry it.  Before that could happen, it requires the rat to decide if it will trust me, which is, as you would say, a leap of faith.  Without going into what you would call metaphysical concerns, or dragging spirituality into this, which you dislike, I cannot relate more than this effectively.  If you reject what I say based on this limited and, I would say, grossly inadequate illustration of what I'm thinking but having difficulty finding an adequate mechanism to convey, I will certainly be understanding.

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I was talking about P.o.V., so I hope we can somehow work out a distinction and keep the two separated. ;] If the two are inextracably  tied up, we're dealing with a remarkable problem indeed, but I don't think that's the case.

Well actually I did intend that point of view and frame of reference to be inextracably tied up...  How can they not be?

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In the second case, I don't see how any connection with actuality and reality is managed, without falling back to admitting that one does not take an externalist position, but that one, while imagining to zoom out, is stuck to the same old internalist position while imagining it to be externalist.

But for accepting the internalist perspective argument that you put forth, I must first accept a condition - that the perspective itself is valid.  I do not accept this condition because I have had, in the past and currently, access to perspectives not my own, and I also know of situations where this can and does occur with other creatures.  The problem is, you would have to accept the ideas of telepathy and empathy as well as spiritual revelation as being valid before being able to accept my accounting as valid.  This puts us back to dealing with the trust and acceptence constraint, and squarely in a yea-nay situation.  I cannot change my position because I have information that would invalidate the change;  I would be lying to myself.  You cannot accept my position because you lack the necessary information that would validate a change in yours.  I think you can see the problem there.[/color] :)


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Tabun on 2006-10-02, 20:19
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Words, after all, are nothing but symbols to represent objects, actions, or traits of either. One can do this just as readily with pictograms or heiroglyphs, or those cute little European symbols for hospitals and food and shelter that they put on road signs. Any idiot can understand those, which is why they're considered universal.

Aside from the interesting question if anyone could make sense of hieroglyphs without the evolution of their communicative (and in that sense, (omni)linguistic) history, I'm not sure what the status of the question of words as symbols is. This would indicate some kind of bond between object and word, and I do subscribe to there being a metaphysical bond between the two. Interesting though this statement, and my unquestionably doubtful reaction to it, are, I think what follows is more central to the problem.


Externalism vs Internalism
I never stated that internalism (in the sense of projection) is a road to certainty. The point I was trying to make is that it is the only road. You cannot escape it. In trying to erase yourself or taking a 'broader' view, you attempt to look at the backside of your own eyeballs. Or, at least far enough back to see what's happening behind them.

Maybe I should best compare it with a basic, everyday 'empirical' approach to a problem, versus the example that you provide: projection. In the former, you accept only what you can detect from your P.o.V. as valid and verifyable. Statements such as "Person X has a contorted look on his face" or even, while remaining careful, "Person X appears to be in pain". It is easy to see that to achieve the second phrasing by projection, but in remaining careful you can also see that this is still factual from your P.o.V.. Projection would go one step further and allow "Person X is in pain".
My claim is that trying to take an externalist position is the same as trying to pass of this last description as a factual observation, and not as speculation.

Opinion
This brings me to opinion. Ofcourse I agree that it has its origins in every instance. My qualm with it lies in the fact that, origins or no, opinion lacks argumentative power. I am of the opinion that killing infidels is a bad thing, while a mr. M. Alamajihad is of the opinion that the opposite is the case. As far as I'm concerned, the discussion ends there. I am not saying that I am not interested in the origins of his opinion, but only if he is willing to upgrade his opinion to an admittedly and openly grounded claim can we have a discussion (and vice versa). In short, the moment when opinion is shown to be (well) grounded, it loses the predicate 'opinion', in my view.
Discussion that is in part the seeking of grounds (mutual or no) has my interest, in the context of this thread. If you are not interested in arguing and argumentation (without wanting to accept the negative connotations these terms have adopted throughout time), then discussion ends at that point.

That said, I am always interested in observation, hypothesis, thought-experiment and --whatever it may be, if anything--enlightenment. But I can work on that while listening to beautiful buddhist zen-inspired music, while I feel that discussions add a certain something to the process, if argumentative force is considered to play role. (For now, leaving aside the question whether such force is ever to escape and repel significant sceptic attack.)

Metaphysics
Let me also clarify another word I use frequently. 'Metaphysics' does not generally carry spiritual or religious connotations for me (Just as the word 'God' does not, when I read Spinoza's Ethica). Metaphysics is, very bluntly and generally put, the inference to that which lies over and beyond the realm of experience. Experience here should be read in light of the 'basic empirical approach to every day life' that I introduced earlier in this post. For instance, I would call it a metaphysical assumption to state that, because Mr. X's face is contorted, that he is in pain. Here, it is important to add that I only consider this to be case iff by "X is in pain" we don't simply mean that he appears to be in pain, or that it is simply a way to describe face-contortion, or that it is only pragmatics, to make people go out and assist Mr. X, or the like. More examples pop up when one uses the phrasing "There must be such-and-such...", such as in "There must be properties of objects that exist independent of our observation", or "It can only be that there is a redness that all red objects share", and so on.
I do not dislike spirituality outside of philosophical discussion if it focuses on, or reserves a role for, argumentation. I don't mind it at all in daily conversation at the mall, for instance, nor in a discussion of Eriugena's or Eckhart's mysticism.


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I think you can see the problem there.
I sure hope so, otherwise I don't know why I started all this in the first place. :]

My view in regards to this problem is as follows. It is possible to have a purposeful argumentative discussion if there is sufficient common ground. Such a common ground that I often accept a basic standing point in situations that require critical analysis, but not utter nihilism (lack of any ori?ntation, as I have talked with you about some time ago--not 'nihilism' in the folk-sense of the word, for instance like in The Big Lebowski ;]). This basic standing point is the basic empirical limited view, in combination with critical and honest use of language, falling back on etymology where this helps for matters of definition. A radical sceptic can easily question the grounds for this view, and in discussing those, we would end in aporia. Another possible view, but one which does not work for me, is a more 'simplicity'-oriented view, wherein all is as it seems, or in which intuition overrules all else, for instance (here, the intuition that "Mr. X really is in pain" is verified and true, would overrule the empirical "We cannot see inside his mind"-stance).

Since we have appeared to have reached precisely such a point where further exploration results in insolubility, this is where it ends.



This might also be a good time for me to make explicit what has been implicit, namely:
that I, if forced to make an intuitive guess, would allow that thought is possible without structural language. In my reasoning, thought, I cannot escape the fact that 'thought' is a word that is part of prosodical history and language, and that it is logically bound with language and its limits, as well as with the possibility to verify its veridicality.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Phoenix on 2006-10-03, 17:06
Quote from: Tabun
I never stated that internalism (in the sense of projection) is a road to certainty. The point I was trying to make is that it is the only road.
Here you are repeating an unprovable assertion, for which I can only surmise you are either incapable of grasping and/or accepting paradox, or else you simply missed or else ignored my point.  If you're aware of this fact - that if internalism be true, as you are asserting, that it is impossible for you to ever prove it because of the limitations inherent with internalism - then you have actually helped me to understand why it is you subscribe to a nihilistic view if nothing else.  However, it is an assertion and a view that I can and must categorically reject for reasons I have already expressed.  The fact that you make such a concrete assertion - that internalism is the "only road" - I find quite striking.  In this you are attempting to dictate terms to everything else of how they must function, whilst simultaneously asserting it is impossible to ever truly know how they function, whilst also simultaneously excluding the possibility of any other condition being true... and you're OK with that?  The logic of this I find entirely circular and contradictory.  I also thought you didn't deal in absolutes... :huh:

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here, the intuition that "Mr. X really is in pain" is verified and true, would overrule the empirical "We cannot see inside his mind"-stance

Which would require you to change your thinking about empiricism and internalism because then it would prove this thinking to be in error.  The question is, can you accept that possibility, or can you not?[/color]


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Tabun on 2006-10-03, 17:59

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The point I was trying to make is that it is the only road.

I thought it would be clear by now that such apparant absolutisms, coming from me, in this thread, are to be read from the standpoint I have (while remaining, on a meta-level, agnostic and aware of uncertainty). I guess I will have to, again, tread carefully, as apparently I allow doubts about my doubtful nature.

Logic only works for me (and the above counts for this) when working within a framework (not an externalist viewpoint) of accepted basic assumptions. This framework I have explained. I can imagine a world in which A is not-A. I can imagine intuition being a direct connection with a transcendent truth. And so on and so forth. But not within the chosen framework.

In connection with my treatment of internalism and externalism, this means that there is a coherent attack on externalism that avoids metaphysics (in my definition), that as a whole cannot be further grounded. That is all. What, in return, I find surprising, is (aside from the fact that you still try to read absolutism and certainty in any of my posts :]) that, while refering to my inability to grasp paradox, you seem to fail to grasp it in my message. :]

For the second quotation is one that stands in context to a focus on intuition, and throwing out pretty much all else. The point of which is: from a practical (not a certain, not an absolutist) stance, allowing for minimal metaphysics and focusing on empirical grounds, I have made claims (This is the every day approach that allows me to answer "yes." to the question "want some coffee?", instead of "how would I know? what is coffee? how much of it? etc.)

The alternative is to say "anything goes" (which, as I have stressed many times, is fine by me). All options are open. Logic can be anything from a darwinistic epiphenomenon to a higher message from Zeus. Externalism can be coherent with logic, there can be mind-body dualism, we might all be no more than matter condensed to a slow vibration, radical elipsism might be the only valid outlook, and so on. That, like any other form of philosophical nihilism, is impractical. I can hold true to my efforts to experience that to the fullest, but I cannot combine it with typing 'about' something. If anything, an apparant contradiction or a paradox would assist my position, as well as in inability to express it understandably.


In that light, if your question is whether I accept the possibility of the framework being invalid, ofcourse I do. Can you see the same possibilty, reversed, for the coherentist argument against externalism as well as the nihilist position?


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Phoenix on 2006-10-03, 23:14
Quote from: Tabun
I thought it would be clear by now that such apparant absolutisms, coming from me, in this thread, are to be read from the standpoint I have.
You made a declaration and I took it at face value.  I don't really see why that's my fault. -_-

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Logic only works for me (and the above counts for this) when working within a framework (not an externalist viewpoint) of accepted basic assumptions.
That's just reiterates the problem I mentioned before, and I'm afraid I'm going to begin repeating myself.  If evidence were offered at some point to contradict the assumption, you could just move the goal post, as I believe you are trying to do now, by falling back on the claim of perpetual mutability.

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What, in return, I find surprising, is (aside from the fact that you still try to read absolutism and certainty in any of my posts :]) that, while refering to my inability to grasp paradox, you seem to fail to grasp it in my message. :]
If I failed to grasp it, I could not point it out now could I?  I wanted to see if you saw it for yourself.  I would say that the implications of your accepting of a self-acknowledged, self-contradicting logic are astounding.

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If anything, an apparant contradiction or a paradox would assist my position, as well as in inability to express it understandably.
Which leads me all the way back to what I said in this post that you disagreed with:

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Something so simple to me, yet cannot be described or expressed to anyone else. You would have to be able to call and sing, and feel and know it intrinsically. It is a primal thing, something that transcends languages of man and is purely animal, purely Phoenix.[/color]
If anything your internalistic standpoint would mean you understand exactly what I said because your own inner core is also inexpressable to me in a manner I could understand.  But the paradox here is that  without having expressed it, I already do understand it precisely because it cannot be expressed.  Oh, what a tangled web is woven. ;)

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Can you see the same possibilty, reversed, for the coherentist argument against externalism as well as the nihilist position?
Of course I can, but you must remember, I deal in absolutes as well as an infinity of possibilities.  Can you accept that little paradox?


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Tabun on 2006-10-04, 00:57
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I already do understand it precisely because it cannot be expressed

I think we have many times agreed to disagree on exactly the account that pops up here, so maybe it should  be familiar. On that note, I have to again stress that I've never intended to claim certainty, just to deny certainty (in a self-aware paradoxical position of appearing to be certain about uncertainty -- perhaps a bit like being tolerant seems like intolerance of intolerance).



I shall try again, as I don't agree with your claims about me contradicting myself, and see no other way to work it out than by painting a whole and better picture. Here's another attempt to sketch the general picture that I've been working up to.


I take a basic position in every day life, for pragmatic reasons. This is the basic outlook that I use to stay alive, to remain able to converse with others, and so on. It is ofcourse not the same kind of 'using' as wearing a pair of trousers, since I cannot control it fully (it may well be that it controls me, for the most part). I can, however, allow myself to use it to be able to reason, in the following sense:
I cannot give grounds for allowing the principle of non-contradiction to be true. It even seems to be incorrectly expressible, as "a or ^a" shows two different "a"'s, and the supposed shared identity of those I cannot express or understand. However, I allow myself to accept it, and along with it a minimal set of logical laws and uses of language, and so forth. If I would not, I would go (more) insane, could not keep myself alive and could not communicate succesfully with anyone.

The choice to accept, limit or uphold such a position is itself not a matter of absolute conviction: it could happen to me that at some point, I lose my true agnostic outlook, and refuse to question it. I'm not claiming infallibility here, but I strive to keep my choice in this as clear as I can keep it, to and for myself.

Underneath it, metaphorically speaking, lies groundlessness. Endless regress, inability to provide proofs, inability to express (or at least communicate) the limits of language, and so on. This is what I referred to as the 'lack of orientation'. There is no up or down, no 'up' or 'down'. Without all orientation, there is no meaning, no rules of logic (no possibility of consistency or contradiction), no means of communication, no sense of judgement, and so forth. Obviously, a big part of the paradox (or the collection of paradoxes related to it, and I have a hunch we are both at least on some occasions confused about which one the other (tries to) speak(s) of..). This goes, for lack of ways to describe it, beyond .. well, anything. I cannot believe in it, because belief is meaningless in it, I cannot put it at the same level, or compare it with the basic position I describe above, for it does not have any point of direction or orientation to allow for comparison.
I don't mind calling that 'simple' or 'complex', to be honest, since neither word applies. That said, I have no idea if that is the unexpressible thing that you refer to, and obviously I'm fairly sure I have failed utterly to refer (succesfully) to it.

Hopefully it will now be clear that when I make a claim, I do it from this basic position. Within the position it has 'relative absolutism', perhaps somewhat like a house firmly planted on the soil of an island floating in a chaotic sea. If I contradict myself in the logic that I accept from this basic position, I admit fault (and I do regularly slip up, and, where pragmatic, accept the consequences--In court I would not be found refuting laws of logic).
When it comes to matters that I have no pragmatical reason for accepting (such as the truth or falsehood of any religion, the existence or inexistence of immaterial mind(s) or qualia, and so forth), I suspend judgement and keep it purposedly out of the basic position, as best I can. I should also stress here that with 'pragmatical' I do not accept the connotations of 'cold calculation' or 'heartlessness' and the like. Emotions, love, and the like still play a role in what I currently call my basic position.

That said, it is unusual for me to be caught making a claim too boldy, even in light of this. I admit it annoys me when that happens, but I guess it can't be escaped; every drunkard is sober once in a while.


Now, to apply all this to the matter of externalism vs. interalism: when trying to express whatever the equivalent of 'possibility' is in nihilistic lack of orientation, I hazard to say that sure, anything is possible. It may also be that there is no time, and that all there 'is', is an externalist position for us, that is mistaken to be internalist and spatio-temporal. Ofcourse I'm allowing for the possibility (and paradoxically, for the inexistence of such possibilities).

The above is all bollocks ofcourse, since it is an attempt to express something I don't think it can express -- but enough about that. From the basic position, matters are different. Allowing logic and basic empirical 'factuals', I come to the conclusion that the validity of externalism (or more precisely, the possibility of proving externalism to be a means of valid inference) is incoherent with the logic that I accept, and thus false.


Am I now contradicting myself? I would allow that, if I am going in against the laws that I have accepted in the basic position, when reasoning within it. Don't get me wrong, I don't simply hop 'out' of the basic position when it suits me, or change (insofar as I am actually able to) the laws of logic that lead to contradictory conclusions. I don't think I even stray from any of the commonly accepted 'canons of logic', for instance. Not ever intentionally, anyway. So, if you can point out the contradiction in the sense of there being an incoherent claim as part of the basic position that I'm trying to keep coherent, point it out. It would help me very much indeed, since I would probably (try to) adjust the whole to be more coherent, and thus, more practical and perhaps less prone to other inconsistencies.

If, however, you detect contradiction between my admittedly flawed expressions of the 'nihilism' I've described and my 'basic-position' claims, then wonder no further. There are bound to be. In fact, there cannot be and there must be, .. etc.


I don't think I've ever fully attempted to put this in words. Perhaps I should not have allowed it to be put up so rashly, ill-worded and vulnerable. But hey, there it stands. If this does not convey adequately what it tells me when I read it back, I will hold off on further attempts, until perhaps I have learned more, or found better words or metaphors.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Phoenix on 2006-10-04, 02:35
I wouldn't say this has helped me to understand what I spoke of above (the unexpressable).  As I had said before, I believe I already do, even if you disagree, which is alright.  It does, however, help me to understand where your mind is and why.  It gives me insight into your thinking, though I cannot subscribe to it nor adopt it.

I don't really think I can add to or subtract from what you've said above, as from my perspective, you are being as forthright as you can be, and can allow yourself to be considering the degree of uncertainty with which you proceed from.  I will, however, take the opportunity to make a bit of a jab at this statement:

Quote from: Tabun
Within the position it has 'relative absolutism', perhaps somewhat like a house firmly planted on the soil of an island floating in a chaotic sea.

You are, I think, familiar with a bible passage concerning building one's house on the sand, as opposed to building it on a rock? ;)

My thinking is quite different.  As I said, I deal in absolutes.  If you are interested in me laying out this perspective, I might be able to try to do so after some sleep, but not right now as one thing I am certain of is that I am tired and in need of rest.  If you are uninterested, then I am not offended, and shall say no more unless you ask it of me.[/color]


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Tabun on 2006-10-04, 09:44
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You are, I think, familiar with a bible passage concerning building one's house on the sand, as opposed to building it on a rock?

Hehe, I have seen it before. My only alternative right now is not to have any house at all. To build it is to build it without knowing whether rock is not sand and/or the other way around. Ehr, I guess that is about as far as the metaphor went..


I am interested. By all means, present your perspective.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Lopson on 2006-10-04, 17:48
Quot homines, tot sentitae, right?
An interesting debate this continues to be.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Phoenix on 2006-10-05, 05:19
Very well then.  I will lay out what I think cover the most basic points as it pertains to this discussion.  I will need time to organize it and condense it, as I've never really committed any of my understanding to writing in this manner.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Phoenix on 2006-10-05, 23:52
I am not trying to "prove" something here, nor present a case that is logically indestructible, nor unquestionably convincing.  Rather, I simply try to convey a shadow of my own understanding of the most fundamental part of the nature of existence.  I will try avoiding analogies and parables even though I tend to be fond of them, and I will not include my own experiences with life and death as a template.  I will attempt to do this from as much of an objective standpoint as possible, but I will have to interject my own perceptions at points as they play a vital part in this since this is, after all, coming from me and no one else save that which may work through me.  I will use standard text so it is easier to read.  This turned out to be much lengthier than I intended, and some parts are not as clear as I would like, but I am limited by the constraints of text and the English language.  Would that I could just squawk and make people understand...

Reality
There is exactly one Reality.  The suggestion of alternative realities are mere suggestions, for should an alternative reality exist, it still is part of the whole of Reality.  Reality, therefore, encompasses any and all things.  Non-existence would simply be a lack of presense as part of Reality.  Nothing outside Reality can exist, or it too would be contained within the definition of Reality.  For clarity's sake, Reality is inclusive of both God and Creation in the classical sense.  This is inclusive of the entirety of time, not just the present arrangement of space and matter, energy and all else.  Reality would be defined as the entirety of all existence.  By this definition then, Reality is a "superset of all things", and it is by this definition I shall proceed, or nothing else I portray from this point will be of any use.

Truth and Perception
There is exactly one Truth, as there is exactly one Reality.  Reality can only be one way - exactly as it is.  Therefore there can exist only one Truth.  Truth is constant.  However, it does not have to be all encompassing at all times.  All parts of Truth are True, just as all parts of Reality are said to be Real.  Perception, however, is infinitely variable.  Perception is dependent upon Truth for its existence.  Without Truth, there is nothing to perceive.  Truth, like Reality, is absolute by its very nature.  Perception can never be absolute*, but can come closer to Truth or drift farther from it.  In this Perception is mutable.  Truth is not.  The idea that Truth is mutable, or non-existent, is constrained within the mutability of Perception.  Truth and Reality are inexorably tied to each other and inseparable from each other.

Awareness
Awareness is that which enables Perception.  Just as without Truth, there is nothing to be perceived, so without Awareness there is nothing to perceive it.  Awareness, by its very nature, must perceive.  Thus, Perception and Awareness, like Truth and Reality, are inexorably linked.  One cannot exist without the other.

Consciousness
Awareness that can respond to Perception is Consciousness.  Consciousness not only perceives but internalizes what it perceives.  Consciousness also has a motivating factor, which is called Will.  Will acts from without to drive Consciousness.  The combination of outside Will, and internalized Perception generated through Awareness is what is commonly called the Mind.  Without Will, Awareness could only be static - aware but incapable of response.  The Conscious Mind combines Will, Awareness, and Perception into what is called Thought.  Thus, there are three conditions for the Conscious Mind to function.  The mechanisms by which Perceptions are obtained are inconsequential here.  It is simply sufficient that Perception can be obtained.

The nature of Thought
Thought is the product of the application of Will to Perception gleaned through Awareness.  Whereas Awareness is merely a form, and Perception is merely a limited reflection of Truth, and Will is merely a force, Thought is an application.  Thought uses Perception to restrain, alter, or intensify the influence of Will, and conversely allows Will to act in relation to Perception.  All of this affects and mutates the form of Awareness.  Through Thought, Consciousness is capable of perceiving itself, and thus, self-awareness is possible.

The nature of Will
Awareness can be aware of itself, can be aware of its perceptions (this then becomes perception of Perception or self-awareness), but as it is not the source of Perception, it also is not the source of Will.  Will is an external influence to the form of Awareness, not an internal one.  Awareness cannot simply influence itself.  Will acts from outside Awareness to motivate it.  Thought can affect Will, but does not generate it.  It can be easy to confuse Will with intent if one does not properly grasp the definitions I am constraining them to, but they are not the same thing.  Intent is a product of Thought.  Will is the primal impulse that drives Awareness into Thought in response to Perceptions in the first place.  They are not the same thing, though similar since intent is, as a product of Thought, also dependent on Will.  Thus, Will can be perceived from intent, the same as Perception can be perceived from intent, and Awareness as well, the same as intent can be deduced from action.  Now the source of Will is beyond the ability of Consciousness to perceive, the same as the source of Awareness, but that lack of ability to perceive is not itself beyond Perception's grasp.  This leads to a perception of absense, which conversely leads to a perception of a hidden presense.

The nature of the Spirit
The Source of Will must exist for Will to exist.  The Source of Will, external to the Mind but influential to it, is then what we shall call the Spirit.  The Spirit is that which cannot be directly perceived by Awareness.  It is present, it is real, though the only known quality at this point is that it is the Source of Will.  Though it cannot be directly perceived, its effect - the presense of Will - can be.  As well, the existence of Awareness can be confirmed as Awareness can be self-aware.  The Source of Awareness, however, cannot be pinpointed.  This then is what we shall call the Soul - the center of Awareness.  Beyond being the Source of Will, Spirit remains unknown and undefined.**  Beyond being the center of Awareness, the Soul remains unquantifiable.***  As Perception, Awareness, and Will form a trinity of sorts, so does the Spirit, Soul, and Mind also form a kind of trinity.  We will see how this relationship of three is of some significance later.

The Limits of Perception
As the Spirit must exist for a Source of Will, And the Soul must exist for Awareness to not be without a center, then too must Reality extend beyond mere Perception's ability to convey.  That this is demonstrable is as simple as perceiving something one did not perceive a moment ago.  Visiting a new localle or tasting a new food qualifies enough to satisfy this principle.  The problem is encountered when one's expectations begin to get in the way.  Expectations are formed from a recurring and unaltering pattern of perceptions.  The sky is blue today, the sky was blue yesterday, the sky will be blue tomorrow, and so on and so forth.  If one only encountered white people in their life, one might expect all people to be white when in truth people come in many colors.  This is where the disparity between Perception and Reality becomes both identifiable, and also paradoxical.  One would think that the more one perceives, the closer to Truth one would get.  That can be so, but since Thought involves recursion, the one more perceives only the same things the more one's expectations of those things being constant become heightened.  As this pattern becomes ingrained, rejection of Truth becomes possible when Truth is perceived to be in contradiction to this expectation.  A child has very few expectations when they are very young.  An old man has many expectations.  A child can more easily see new things and accept them at face value than the old man since the child has not perceived the same things many times over.  So then, Perception, while conveying characteristics of Truth, is not where the fault lies, but rather Thought applied against the Perception is at fault.  In this then, self-deception is possible.  Through Awareness and Thought, the limitations inherent in Perception become realized in the form of contrary expectation.

Truth or Lie?
Intent is a product of thought, but also, as Thought is recursive in nature, influences thought.  When confronted with perceptions, intent can be to either seek Truth, or not to seek Truth, which is then denial of Truth.  If one favors expectations over perceived Truth, that is self-deception.  That is not to be confused with perception being in error!  Incorrect perception is just what it is, and can be adjusted with new perceptions to bring it closer to Truth.  Understanding is mutable so long as expectations do not limit its response to new perceptions.  An erroneous perception is not intentionally incorrect, it is just incorrect by its nature.  Self-deception, however, requires intent.  This intent involved in self-deception is to purposely reject Truth, since to reject the Perception of Truth is to also reject the Truth that Perception attempts (imperfectly) to convey.  In that it is observable that all self-deception is an intentional product of Thought, for perception has no intent of its own.  Thus, while Truth is simply the fundamental property of reality, lies are wholly deliberate and intentional and possible only through the process of Thought.  Thus, self-deception through expectation - expectation being a belief of correctness - is shown to be the first logical flaw found in Reality.  This flaw in Reality is what we commonly refer to as Pride - placing one's own belief and expectation, one's own thought, above and in place of Truth.

The Paradox
Perception is an incomplete and therefore inaccurate reflection of the Truth.  This was already established.  This is Error, and Error is unavoidable unless Perception and Truth be congruent.  That is impossible unless Truth perceive itself absolutely, which we know not to be the case or only one Perception and exactly one Perception would exist.***  Through the mechanism of Thought, lies are now a part of Reality, and thus, their existence part of Truth.  Since Reality is a superset of all things, and Truth is the absolute state of Reality, a paradox now exists within Truth and Reality.  This paradox MUST somehow be resolved or else Truth itself is false, which in itself is yet another paradox as, with the existence of lies, it must already be shown to be false, but by its very nature, is not false.  That the paradox can exist in the first place is paradoxical in and of itself since Truth can only be an absolute.  Thus, paradox begets paradox.  Irrationality can now be observed to be part of Reality.  Reality, while absolute, has become self-contradictory and is shown to be flawed, while being at the same time perfect, the same as Truth is absolute while still containing lies.  Thus we see, through the very Awareness that is needed to perceive Reality, Reality itself was made into trouble.

The Dichotomy
The Conscious Mind then can be observed as a vessel, gleaning Truth through Perception, and carrying Awareness along to one of two possible destinations - toward Truth, or away from Truth, based purely on its own intent.  Thus, Mind will gravitate toward one or the other.  There can be no other ultimate choices beyond this, except that they relate to this.  This then is the dichotomy that arises from the Paradox - while Thought generated the paradox, it also has the power of decision that resulted from it.  Choice then is both a result of the Paradox, and the cause of it.  Thus we see the paradox again multiplied by itself.  This is the presently observable state we know the observable part of Reality to be configured.

Expression and Communication
Thought can generate intent, but intent translated into outside action is known as expression.  Expression of Thought can take many forms and is limited only be the mechanism through which expression can occur.  The most common observable forms of expression in animals and humans are vocalization, or physical movements known as "body language".  Expression of Thought could be an attempt at Communication, but does not have to be, as while Communication requires a recipient, Expression does not.  Actual Communication occurs when the intent of one Mind is conveyed successfuly to another Mind.  This is not the same as attempts at Communication.  Expression does not require comprehension or even another Awareness to perceive that Expression.  Successful Communication requires both.

Communication and Language
Communication requires comprehension, but in order for comprehension to occur, some mechanism must exist for one Mind to perceive in part what another Mind already has perceived on its own without necessarily directly perceiving the same thing.  This mechanism is what we call Information.  Information is, in this sense (and the sense in which I will refer to it) "that which can align two things the same way".  In its simplest sense, that is what all information does is cause a replication of a pattern.  DNA is genetic "information" in the same way moving electrons through the a computer are "information".  Information, for my purposes of illustration, is what is used for Communication to take place.  Like perception, Communication can occur with differing levels of precision and through differing mechanisms.  It can be as simple as a shout, a hand gesture, a growl, a scream, or as complex as a university lecture.  Language then would be a defined set of parameters by which Communication of a specific nature can occur.  "Body Language" would be defined as physical posturing to convey mood or intent of action.  Growls, snarls, hisses, etc, while not classically defined as "language" do convey information and successfully communicate hostility across many species, and therefore qualify as a Language under this definition, though not a specifically defined one in the human sense.

Non-Lingual forms of Communication
It is observable that, through Languages of one form or another, either universally primitive or else associatively learned, Communication can and does occur.  In this, what is contained within one Mind can be conveyed to another without both having access to the same part of Truth that generated the initial perception in the first Mind.  However, in order for information to be conveyed, language is not always necessary.  Information can also be raw.  Raw information would be in the form of a photograph, or recorded sound, or some other reflection of the initial pattern.  The precision of the information will not be the same - degredation is always present, as also the filter of the limitations of the second Mind's physical means of perceiving will differ - but the result is usually sufficient for the second Mind to "get it".  In this, not all Communication is lingual, and lingual forms of communication are not always the most effective forms.

Effectiveness of Differing Forms of Communication
Communication can only be effective if three conditions exist.  First, the initial Mind that is inclined to Expression must have access to a delivery mechanism for information, and must be able to convert this Expression into Information.  This can include a raw form, as I mentioned above.  Second, the Mind receiving the Communication must also have access to this Information.  Third, the second Mind must be able to process the Information so that comprehension can occur.  Without all three conditions, Communication will fail.  Failure here includes gross misinterpretation as well as inability to comprehend.  This then places constraints on the two minds to the "lowest common denominator".  Otherwise Communication cannot be effective.  A college lecture on the undesirability of urination on fire suppression equipment may be useful for influencing college students' behavior, but will not stop a dog from peeing on a fire hydrant however long it may sit in the lecture hall.  Striking either the college student or the dog during the attempt of said act will probably get the point across, whether or not it stops the action, the Communication would be fairly universal and required only a physical interaction.  So it can be surmised that the most complex and precise forms of Communication are not always the most effective ones.  Conversely, you will never teach someone the principles of magnetic fields in electrical engineering by swatting them repeatedly with a newspaper.  It can be observed then that differing forms of Communication are useful and necessary depending upon the ability of the communicants and the kind of information being conveyed.

Super Perception
If Communication is achieved through the use of Information, then I must now go back and revisit our old friends Perception and Will and Awareness.  As I said, Will has a source outside of Consciousness, and the other characteristics of this Source of Will remain as yet undefined.  What then are we to say if a condition exists where a Perception of two separate Minds is congruent without an apparent exchange of Information within the perceivable realm?  How was this anomalous Perception achieved?  There are two possibilities:  The first is both Minds perceived the same portion of Truth.  The second is that Communication took place outside of the realm of normal perception.  For our purposes, we have only governed Communication within the ream of observable Perception.  What then of this Spirit realm, of which we as yet know nothing about?  If the Will acts externally upon Consciousness, what then might act upon the Source of Will?  Can Awareness be affected by something other than its own Perception?  Perceptions thus gained in this manner - be it from one Source of Will to another, or by some means or source even alternative to that - would then be known as Super Perception since such perceptions are gained outside the definition of normal Perception.  The difficulty lies in observing Super Perception from a functional standpoint since, by its very nature, it must occur outside of the normal means of Perception.

Real or Unreal?
This is where Expectations come back into play.  Reality is, as I stated before, a superset of all things.  This includes errors, lies, and perceptions of all kinds, and anything that would be occuring in this as yet undefined Spirit realm (and whatever other realms exist).  In this, Super Perception is also included should it be occuring.  The problem is this.  If information is gained through Super Perception, and is then found to be congruent with what can be perceived in this universe, usually it runs smack into the wall of expectation, and thus often dismissed as coincidence or chance.  When it is incongruent with expectation, or when the probability of chance as an explanation becomes remote, then reality itself (or rather, the expectations of the behavior of reality) begins to come into conflict with expectation.  One or the other must fail, either expectation or Reality, again, if this be occuring.  Usually the result is that the person conveying the Information about something apparently anomalous is dismissed by his peers because of their expectations to the contrary.  The expectations therefore can be safely maintained while the information is rejected.  Unfortunately, this leads all concerned parties further from Truth and not closer to it, while appearing to do the opposite.

The Larger Picture
Reality, as I said, encompasses all things.  Awareness then is slowly perceiving Truth, while being part of Truth, while at the same time introducing flaws into the Reality of Truth, as covered in The Paradox.  Awareness is aware of itself, but also aware of the existence of other Awarenesses.  One question is whether or not all Souls - centers of Awareness - are entirely independent of each other.  As the universe begins to understand itself, it is also understanding that its understanding is imperfect, and that it, because of this, is also imperfect.  This, therefore, leads a larger question.  Is Awareness, or Perception, or Will isolated in the aggregates we call "self", or is it pervasive?  From our perception, each Awareness appears to be independent.  We know, however, that Awarenesses can interact with other Awarenesses through Communication.  It is also conceivable then that if Communication can occur through normal Perception, that one Awareness could effect another through Super Perception as stated earlier.  One thing we do know is that each Awareness that we know of comes into being in the same way.  Through procreation, all living things work together to sustain life.  Life requires life to live.  Like thought, this too is a recursion, but also like the initial paradox, it is pervasive and self-propagating.  If then a pattern is present, one might infer - not be certain, but infer - that this pattern is also pervasive and self-propagating, that within this pattern, one might discover something about the larger whole.

Connections and Exclusions
We know Reality is all encompassing, so then if Awareness be self-propagating through life (at least, the obvious known method we can observe, not necessarily the only method) then something startling can be realized.  First, that all Awareness is, in a sense, connected.  Even if Souls were islands, they still would float in the same sea.  All Awareness is connected because all is part of Reality.  Second, it is that the physical universe does not itself determine Awareness.  Matter itself is not observed to be conscious in and of itself, but any matter, if consumed by a living creature, then becoming part of a living creature's mass, which is then transferred into a new creature through birth, can be associated with a new and independent Awareness.  In this, we see matter is, ironically, immaterial to the independence of Awareness.  There is no "special" matter that is needed to be aware, only special configurations of matter required to sustain its presense within that matter.  Thus, what we call life is simply a patterning of matter that is conducive to being a vessel for Awareness.  Any part of the universe, matter or energy, sufficiently patterned can become "alive" simply by being eaten by something living and being absorbed into its mass.  That this patterning can take an infinitely variable number of forms further demonstrates the immateriality of the matter itself to the needs of Awareness since only the configuration is of consequence.  It can be observed then that the nature of Awareness then governs the forms that can be considered suitable for hosting it.  How effective that Awareness can be at Perception and Thought in one form or another is another concern entirely.

Beginnings
That Awareness is not observed to come into existence except through procreation of Life means there is an inexorable connection between physical life and the Awareness that we have knowledge of.  So through life, Awareness maintains connection to the physical, through which physical it also perceives itself and the physical both.  As Life is not self-generating (one must be born as opposed to springing from a hole in the ground) so too Awareness is not self-generating.  No person alive has made himself to exist.  In this then, one's life must be "given".  So too, one's Awareness must be "given".  It MUST have an external origin and be brought into being by an external action.  In this, we see that all Awarenesses that can be observed within the physical realm, and within physical life, must be brought into being by something other than themselves.  This then is an observable pattern - all life begets life, and all life is begotten of life.  We can safely say Awareness does not begin before life because no person alive today is concretely aware of time before they were conceived.****

Ends
We know of life that it must end.  All living things are observed to die.  The Awareness of that living thing can no longer be observed at that point.  The physical body it occupied no longer perceives, and is then said to be dead.  What then happens to the Awareness?  One of two possibilities.  The Awareness either ceases, or it continues.  This then is where Reality and expectation can run squarely into each other.  Death is usually considered to be a permanent condition, however, it is not always permanent.  There are observable situations where people who have died have come back to life again.  The common expectation says that cannot happen, and often wishful thinking invents explanations that fit in with expectation in order to not deal with what could be an uncomfortable reflection of Truth.  But if it does happen, then the expectation - not Reality - is again at fault.  A person who has died, and has gained perceptions outside of the normal means, and retained them within their normal Awareness, which they regained after coming to life again, has now demonstrated that Awareness can continue beyond the constraints of the physical.  The only question is whether or not this person's Perceptions were accurate.  This accuracy can be better determined when more than one person observes the same or similar things.  It may be easy to say the person simply had not really died completely.  I find this curious as a person simply asleep or rendered unconscious through anesthetics can be less aware than someone having a "near death experience".  If a dying brain is to blame, then I would think a person would be permanently damaged beyond the ability to convey such vivid and clear halucinations, much less have them in the first place.  Still, it is not my point to argue for the validity of NDE's, only to illustrate that they represent a potential clue as to the nature of Awareness after physical death, should at least some of them be valid.

Beyond the Mundane
So what then do we know of Awareness?  Does it end?  If it ends, what does it become?  If it simply returns to being some vague part of the universe, then in a sense it still continues and whatever it had been before becomes part of something else, much as the matter from a plant can become part of an animal.  So then Awareness still continues in a sense - it simply returns to its original source.  The question is more correctly concerning the identity and individuality of the individual Awareness in question.  We know Awarenesses to be individual, this can be observed.  If that then continues after death, as the possibility exists and there is some evidence supporting, then the possibility must also be considered that Awareness can exist not just after physical life, but also entirely separate from it.  This then brings us back to the question of the nature of the Spirit.  We know Spirit to act externally from "someplace else".  There is an observable connection between Spirit and Awareness in the form of Will.  If then, Will proceed from Spirit, could it be that Awareness is nothing more than an intrusion of the Spirit into the realm of the Physical?  Logically this would explain a lot, for it would solve not only the mystery of the external influence of Will, but also pinpoint the source of Awareness as well.  It also means the possibility for other kinds of Awarenesses to exist beyond those commonly observed.

Other Forms of Being
This then puts us at a crossroads of existence, and of the concrete and possibility.  Now we have the possibility of entire other forms of existence being possible, but not only possible, also hinted at.  The question is can those other forms of existence be perceived by this present existence?  To answer that, we must refer back to what I said about Communication.  Communication works so long as comprehension is possible.  If then some other form of existence is part of Reality, and if some kind of entity (I do not use the term Awareness for the purpose of differentiation) in this other realm wishes to interact with an Awareness in this physical realm, two mechanisms come to mind.  The first would be Super Perception.  In this, the entity somehow interacts with the Spirit of the Awareness in question.  This is what we would refer to as a "revelation" - something is revealed to the Mind of this Awareness that was gleaned purely through Super Perception.  The second mechanism would be if this entity could somehow communicate with the Awareness on a level the Awareness is capable of perceiving normally.  This then would be called a "visitation".  The possibility and limitations of these occuring are constrained only by three factors - first, if the initial conditions - that is, the base Reality itself - allow for it.  If such a realm, such entities, and these aspects of Awareness (the Spirit, et all) do not exist, then Reality has already precluded it by its very nature and at that point they simply do not happen.  The second condition is that if the first condition is met and they then do happen, that the entity(ies) in question possess the capability to communicate effectively to the Awareness in question.  The third and last condition is that the entity(ies) in question have intent to engage in such communications in the first place.

Manifestations
Then we come to the crux of the matter.  Is there evidence of revelations and visitations?  The answer is a resounding yes.  Accounts exist from every corner of mankind as to the occurence of both.  That people experience them is definitive.  That their perceptions are correct is another matter.  If revelations and visitations do not occur because they are not themselves real, then what exactly did the people who claim to have had them perceive?  They obviously perceived something.  That their perceptions could be in error is a possibility.  That all of them were in error all the time and in the same way... well the likelihood of this diminishes exponentially as the number of reports are analyzed.  Of course, this is assuming everyone is truthful, which they are not, so of course some accounts would be lies.  The possibility that all are either errors or lies is not just statistically improbable, but also brings into question the collective sanity of all living things.  The possibility that some are true is more of interest to me, for, logically speaking, if even just one of these were definitively real and not just an invalid perception, then this is enough to say that some interaction with an alternate existence - along with the entity(ies) in question, can and does occur.  Having it occur is one thing.  Reality "is", after all.  Whether one accepts it or not if it actually is occuring is a question of their own Perceptions, Expectations, and trust in the information others provide about such supposed events.

Cause and Effect
A man desires to build a boat.  His intent then is to build a boat.  The boat cannot come before the intent.  The boat is the result, the effect of action which first originated with Intent, which is a product of Thought, which is spurred by Will.  If living things are governed by Will, then they move with purpose.  If Will exists externally to Awareness, its Source being Spirit, then we now have a very important piece of the puzzle.  All living things are observed to move and function with purpose.  This means at least part of Reality has purpose, both the Awareness, and the physical it occupies, since the Intent of the Mind moves the physical body;  thus the actions of the body reflects the intent of the Mind, and conversely the intent of the Mind can react to its perception of the needs of the body.  "I'm hungry, so I will eat" is realized through the perception of hunger, the intention to do something about it, and the action to fulfill the intent.  In this, Reality then cannot exist entirely without purpose, and if the whole is reflected in the part, we begin to realize that all of it may exist and function with purpose;  that all of Reality could then governed by some kind of Will.  That Will extends from the Spirit into the physical means that this Will would have to be itself Spirit in origin.

Larger Truths and Bigger Lies
Something can be derived from all of this. Revelations and visitations occur, whether real or mass delusion.  If these visitations and revelations be real, then what is communicated through these revelations and visitations should be examined.  They can lead in only one direction or another - toward Truth, or away from Truth.  It can be inferred that beings capable of communicating with and understanding the kinds of Awareness we know of here, but that we cannot directly address of our own volition - that such beings, possessing abilities that exceed our own, also possess perceptions that exceed our own form of Perception.  This then means they will have either a more accurate perception of Truth, or an even more exceeding self-delusion and thus a larger Lie.  The question then is which to believe?  A simple test of logic is this:  The closer one gets to the absolute Truth, the more congruent all perceptions become.  The further away, the more disparate.  In this, testimony would be testable through conditions.  Those conditions are this:  If accounts of the Truth be close to one another under circumstances that would be nearly impossible to generate through perception of anything BUT the Truth, then those accounts are logically reflecting the same thing, even if not reflecting perfectly.  If that facet of Truth can then be observed independently by those to whom the accounts were supplied, then something marvelous has occured which brings the entirety of the pattern within grasp.

Prophecy as Test
It has been said that a good prophet is one whose predictions do not come true.  This is a result of the misunderstanding of what exactly prophecy is.  Prophecy is the revealing of something that cannot be observed until a later time.  The requirement of prophet is that it must be a revelation.  It cannot be the result of Thought in relation to Perception!  It is something communicated from the outside, not deduced or inferred.  Prophecy then - true prophecy - must result in a true prediction.  If a prophecy come true, and come true exactly as foretold, then Truth has revealed itself through the constraint of time.  ONLY Truth could do this, since there can be exactly one and only one Truth.  This Truth would then be the exact future, not a possible future as one might perceive possibilities.  Prophecies can be misread, and misinterpreted, but a true prophecy cannot be foretold incorrectly (or else it wasn't true to begin with).  If then, a prophecy come true, this in itself is part of the larger Truth of Reality.  Truth then, would be shown to have done something that discloses a very, very important piece if the puzzle - that Truth itself has Will.  This is why prophecy is so important, yet sadly is so often overlooked or misunderstood entirely.  If Truth indeed does have a Will, then even greater inferences can be drawn.

Truth as self-revealing
In order to understand the significance of this, we must return to the beginning.  Truth does not require any complex thought to be, it simply "is".  How well one perceives it is governed by limitations, but Truth is, by its very nature, self-evident.  Truth only has to "be".  If one perceives it, that is all that is required is to perceive it properly.  So then the nature of Truth, this self-evidence, would still be present after Awareness through Thought introduced paradox.  Truth then, as self-revealing, is shown to have, in and of itself, purpose simply by its nature in relation to Awareness.  Following this back from the beginning, we can then see that, if self-revealing, this purpose would be in and of itself Will.  We then have encountered the causality for everything else.  Truth perceiving itself perfectly is what we would refer to as God.  Reality then began with God, and was perfect so long as God was all there was.  Once Reality extended beyond God, this non-God reality being what we call Creation, and Awareness was caused to perceive, Reality HAD to become a paradox.  The whole crystal had to crack, so that each facet could see, through its small window, the presense of the whole.  It is easy to see the reflections of the other facets, but from the perspective of the single facet, impossible to see the whole, all while being part of it.  In this, the Reality that God made had to flaw, and those Awarenesses within this Reality could never see the Truth perfectly because of their own imperfections.

The role of Free Will
If then Truth be self-revealing, and the intent of Truth is that Awareness come into being, and perceive Truth, then another inference can be made.  Truth would naturally intend that Awareness understand it accurately and perfectly.  But, this is impossible, right?  Wrong.  Since Truth "is", and Reality "is", the paradox can and will be satisfied, and this is how.  God, being Truth, and being already Perfect, can do something Creation cannot do on its own.  God can cause Creation to become perfect.  This is accomplished by acting upon the Awarenesses within Creation to make their perceptions perfectly congruent with Truth.  The difficulty lies in doing this without destroying Will.  Will, for whatever reason, appears to be an intergral part of this, which actually makes sense if you consider that, Truth having its own will, in reflecting itself, would reflect its own nature (however imperfect the reflection might be) within every facet of the broken crystal of Creation.  Thus, this inherited nature, the "image" of God, if you will, is something that is to be preserved.  Without Will, and Awareness, creatures would be just puppets on strings.  So then, every Awareness has that old choice - to seek Truth, or to shun it.  So then creatures have the choice - become more like Truth, and more like God, or go the other direction and embrace Lie.  Since this Will is something free, the Awareness chooses for itself.  This choice can be influenced, but not made for anyone.

The Role of Satan
The initial flaw in reality I mentioned before was Pride - the favoring of expectation, of self-delusion over Truth.  This first flaw, which was the cause of all other flaws, is the being we call Lucifer, or Satan, or innumerable other titles, but he is the first corruption, the first imperfection, the first crack to form in the crystal of Creation.  For, as his perception of himself became such that he chose to see himself as greater than Truth, by him the flaw was manifested.  This then is why he is referred to as the Father of Lies.  For, it was through his own flaw manifesting that all other flaws became manifest.  All lies begin with Satan.  Therefore, all who favor lies over Truth are said to be "of their father the devil".  This is not just an allegory.  It is a picture of fate.  It is also underlying the nature of the flaw by observing the character of Lucifer.  Lucifer's very name is rooted in light, and brilliance.  His actions after the fall are of deepest darkness.  Through Lucifer, all of the flaw is gathered, and the freedom of choice between Truth and Lie is influenced.  As Truth draws Awareness toward Truth, so Lie draws it toward Lie.  Truth delights in Truth.  Lie delights in Lie.  Thus we see, while corruption and flaw is something undesirable, it is still made to serve a purpose.

The End of Days
Logically, if a goal is to be met, it must be met eventually.  This then is the conclusion of this process.  If Creation is to be perfected, every Awareness - without exception - must either become completely True, or else become completely Lie.  Here is yet one more paradox.  If something be utter Lie, it then becomes utterly False.  This then is the opposite of Truth, but is by its nature self-nullifying.  False cannot be True, but as part of Reality, cannot simply cease to exist.  This then becomes an eternal state - a self-nullifying condition.  All that become utterly Lie will be utterly annihilated, perpetually, existing but not existing, in a paradoxical state of endless purification.  This is called torment - being as far from Truth as is possible, and existing but not existing, in perpetual denial of all things.  Thus, in the end, all that is Reality will become perfect, as God was Truth of its own, so too now all things will be Truth again.  The final paradox will then be fulfilled, but paradoxically, this Reality remains itself a paradox.

Eternity - The Final Paradox
All individual Awarenesses that remain are, in the end, perfected.  They are Truth, as God is Truth, and all Lie has been driven from Truth.  The paradox is fulfilled, the crystal is healed, Reality then is perfected, but, Reality was perfect  all along for Reality is, as I said, the superset of ALL things, from beginning to end - God, the completeness of Time and Creation, both inclusive of all imperfections and exclusive simultaneously.  Just as God, being Perfect Truth, created Awareness that caused imperfection and Lie within this Truth, but yet, simultaneously this Truth remains perfect.  So then Truth, being one perfect perception of itself, becomes many perceptions of itself, yet all, though being separate and unique, begin imperfect but become perfect Truth, while simultaneously the first perfect Truth remains.  Thus, 1 Corinthians 15:28 will be fulfilled, which has prophesied, "And when all things shall be subdued unto him, then shall the Son also himself be subject unto him that put all things under him, that God may be all in all."  (Emphasis mine)  Then, the end of days is finished, and this is where my present understanding must come to a close, for beyond this lies only that which lies beyond the extent of my knowledge.

The Revelation of the Phoenix
This then is my own revelation, which is gleaned from three things:  First, my own perceptions and observations and thoughts throughout time.  Second, through communications of certain information that I perceive to be congruent with Truth (or as close as can be considering).  Third and last, through whatever Truth has deemed fit to reveal to me of its own accord.  In this, the multiplicity of perspectives I've expressed in the past regarding myself I affirm, for in the end, I am part of this larger Truth, the same as all things are.  Because of this, and because of other factors I am not at liberty to discuss for doing so would violate certain trusts, I have access to perspectives not my own.  For, in the end, all things are mine as surely as they are everyone else's that become Truth, but in this present, they are not yet all mine.  Some things are revealed, but not the entirety.  Some things are revealed to me for myself alone, for to me alone they pertain, and some things, like those I have expressed above, were revealed for the benefit of others should they choose to make use of them.  I have not explained everything I know, nor have I meant this to be all inclusive, nor have I tried to explain my own nature, but rather, this writing serves to express what I feel is relevent and useful.  It is there for you to accept, or reject, as anyone sees fit to do.


Notes:
* Within this present configuration of time.

** This is true only is the sense that the Spirit cannot be known and defined purely internally.  It can only be explained or verified externally or through some mechanism other than intrinsic Perception.  

*** The Center of Awareness - not the center of Thought - is what cannot be pinpointed.  The difference may seem subtle, but it is important for not confusing Awareness as simply a brain function.  A brain is capable of functioning without being aware.  The complexities of Awareness and Thought being connected to the brain's functioning is something I do not intend to delve into too deeply here as, while fascinating, would be distracting for the time being.

*** This state of absolute, singular self-realization would be analagous to the initial nature of God prior to the Creation of anything other than God.  "I Am that I Am" would be the declaration of this self-realization.

**** I am not making room for Super Perception here, or "past lives", or other special cases such as special revelation where this statement might be inapplicable.  I am speaking of the commonly observed nature of the majority of oberservable living things, as opposed to anomalies.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Tabun on 2006-10-08, 15:40
Still reading it (I'm not reading it all in one go) -- Impressive story, so far.


I've also taken the liberty to create an image to represent/visualize (part of) my state of mind (http://www.tabun.nl/tmp/coenomaly_2_klein.jpg) (not in relation to Phoenix's post, mind). ;)


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Lopson on 2006-10-09, 21:46
I'm printing your post now, and will read it once I have time.
And Tabun, your actual state of mind is a bit egoccentric, no?  :]


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Tabun on 2006-10-10, 09:13
Only if you wish to interpret the image in a specific way.


Title: Re: If only it was this simple...
Post by: Phoenix on 2006-10-10, 17:52
More like misuse of the "/addbot" command.  ;)